一、北师大版《英语》Module 4 Unit 12 Lesson 2教材内容
二、北师大版《英语》Module 4 Unit 12 Lesson 2听力文本
[Exercise 2]
Presenter: Good morning and welcome to “Culture Matters”. Today we’re looking at different styles of communication in different cultures. We have Dr Jan Groot, from UtrechtUniversity in Holland in the studio.
Expert: Good morning.
Presenter: Can you tell us what the main differences are in the way people around the world communicate?
Expert: Well, one of the main differences is between cultures that express how they feel — let’s call them “open” cultures — and others which generally try not to show their feelings — let’s call them “closed” cultures. People from “open” cultures generally show how they feel quite openly — when they are happy, or when they are angry.“ Closed” cultures avoid showing their feelings, especially in more serious situations, such as at school, university or work. People from “closed” cultures are usually quieter and seem shyer and more modest than people from “open” cultures.
Presenter: Which cultures, then, are “open” and which are “closed”?
Expert: Mm, people from Latin cultures usually show their feelings more — for example, the Italians. When asked if they would show that they were angry at work, 71% of Italians indicated that they would show this openly.
Presenter: And what about “closed” cultures?
Expert: Eastern cultures and northern European cultures do not show their feelings as much. For example, only 17% of the Japanese would show anger openly at work. And only 29% of the British would show they were angry.
Presenter: I see.
Expert: Curiously enough, the Americans are more like the Italians — over 60% would express anger openly in a work situation. Culturally, Americans are in between “open” and “closed” cultures — in some ways they are more “open” and in other ways they are more“ closed”.
[Exercise 3]
Presenter: What differences are there in the way people actually express themselves — using hand movements and that sort of thing?
Expert: Well, people from “open” cultures, like the Italians, tend to use a lot more hand movements, you know, using not only their hands but their arms. People in more “closed” cultures, like the Japanese, Northern Europeans and even Americans, don’t use hand movements nearly as much.
Presenter: Mm, yes.
Expert: Also, people from “open” cultures usually look more directly at the person they are speaking to. The British and Americans often look at people to start with and then they look away. People from Eastern cultures like Japan, never look directly at the other person. To look at someone very directly is extremely rude.
Presenter: And what about speaking?
Expert: Right, well people from “open” cultures are more likely to interrupt or speak at the same time as the other person. In “closed” cultures, one person starts speaking only when the other has stopped. In a place like Japan, people never interrupt each other. They also wait for a while before speaking, so there is more silence.
Presenter: Finally, what about manners? What differences are there?
Expert: Well, Japanese and British people might seem more polite than Americans and people from Latin cultures. British people usually use“ please”,“ thank you” and“ I’m sorry” more often. In Britain, it is very important to say“ please” and“ thank you”, even for the smallest things. If you don’t, it sounds very rude. In other cultures, like Latin cultures, to say“ please” and“ thank you” all the time sounds a bit false.
Presenter: I see. Well, thank you very much, Dr Groot. That was fascinating. I’m afraid we’ll have to stop there. Tomorrow we’ll be ...
三、教师B任务1对应的人教版《英语》教材听力文本
THE OPEN HAND — A UNIVERSAL SIGN
When meeting people at the airport, most people smile and shake hands with people they meet. We know that a smile is usually a sign that people feel friendly and happy, but what If we don’t know who the new person is? What if we are not introduced by a friend? What if we meeting a stranger in an unfamiliar place? Sometimes people are dangerous and humans have to find ways to protect themselves. We have to show that we are not dangerous. Showing our hands means that we are not armed. In many cultures today, the Western custom of shaking hands is used. We use our right hand, which is usually stronger than the left one. If we are using our hand this way, it cannot be holding a knife or a gun. It shows that we trust the other person, and that the other person can trust us.
Not all cultures use the handshake, and people in many Asian cultures do not always touch another person. The traditional greeting in China was to cover the left hand with the right and bow. Japanese people might cover one hand with the other and, depending on whom they are greeting, bow slightly or quite low. In India, Hindu people join their hands in front of their faces and bow their heads. A Muslim will touch his heart, mouth and forehead to show respect. Even young people in the West now give each other the “high five”, when they slap each other’s hands high in the air. They are all keeping their hands busy. In almost all cultures, to smile and show an open right hand means, “Welcome, you are safe with me.”